[Safe handling of clothing and hygiene of patients and health professionals: Scoping review]. / Manejo seguro de la ropa e higiene de la piel en pacientes y profesionales sanitarios frente a la COVID-19: scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: In January 2020, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a zoonotic virus (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in China. The main route of transmission is considered to be the inhalation of large respiratory drops, by deposition in the mucosa and hands or contaminated fomites. The objective is to identify the interventions to be performed during hospitalization for the correct and safe handling of clothing and hygiene of patients and health professionals. METHOD: Scoping review carried out without chronological or language delimitation in the PUBMED and Cochrane databases. Tracking standards and recommendations of national and international government entities to answer the research question on the safe handling of clothing and skin hygiene in patients and in health professionals to avoid Covid-19 infection. The data analysis was carried out in 2 stages: in the first, identification and categorization of the studies, and in the second, content analysis as an informative and classifying criterion. RESULTS: 14 documents have been selected, mainly from government entities. The recommendations are structured in 5 sections on the management of clothing and skin hygiene of infected patients and health professionals in the hospital setting. CONCLUSION: The clothing of patients and healthcare personnel are transmitting vehicles of the disease. Its correct treatment helps to improve the control of the same and the correct use of the resources available at the moment. Proper skin hygiene, especially hand cleansing, is one of the basic pillars for infection prevention and control. We highlight the similarity of some of the guidelines collected and provided by the different agencies consulted.

Manejo seguro de la ropa e higiene de la piel en pacientes y profesionales sanitarios frente al Covid-19: scoping review / Safe handling of clothing and hygiene of patients and health professionals: Scoping Review

INTRODUCCIÓN: En enero de 2020 aparece en China un brote de neumonía causada por un virus zoonótico (SARS-CoV-2). Se considera que la ruta principal de transmisión es por inhalación de grandes gotas respiratorias, por deposición en las mucosas y las manos o los fómites contaminados. El objetivo es identificar las intervenciones a realizar durante la hospitalización para un manejo correcto y seguro de la ropa e higiene de los pacientes y profesionales sanitarios. MÉTODO: Scoping review realizada sin delimitación cronológica ni de idioma en las bases de datos PUBMED y Cochrane. Rastreo de normas y recomendaciones de entidades gubernamentales nacionales e internacionales para responder a la pregunta de investigación sobre el manejo seguro de la ropa y la higiene de la piel en pacientes y en profesionales sanitarios para evitar el contagio por Covid-19. El análisis de los datos fue realizado en dos etapas: en la primera, identificación y categorización de los estudios, y en la segunda, análisis de contenido como criterio informativo y clasificatorio. RESULTADOS: Se han seleccionado 14 documentos, principalmente de entidades gubernamentales. Las recomendaciones se estructuran en 5 epígrafes sobre manejo de ropa e higiene de la piel de pacientes infectados y profesionales sanitarios en el ámbito hospitalario. CONCLUSIÓN: La ropa de los pacientes y del personal sanitario son vehículos transmisores de la enfermedad. Su correcto tratamiento ayuda a mejorar el control de la misma y a una correcta utilización de los recursos disponibles en estos momentos. La adecuada higiene de la piel, en especial la limpieza de las manos, constituye uno de los pilares básicos para la prevención y el control de la infección. Destacamos la semejanza de algunas de las pautas recogidas y proporcionadas por los diferentes organismos consultados

INTRODUCTION: In January 2020, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a zoonotic virus (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in China. The main route of transmission is considered to be the inhalation of large respiratory drops, by deposition in the mucosa and hands or contaminated fomites. The objective is to identify the interventions to be performed during hospitalization for the correct and safe handling of clothing and hygiene of patients and health professionals. METHOD: Scoping review carried out without chronological or language delimitation in the PUBMED and Cochrane databases. Tracking standards and recommendations of national and international government entities to answer the research question on the safe handling of clothing and skin hygiene in patients and in health professionals to avoid Covid-19 infection. The data analysis was carried out in two stages: in the first, identification and categorization of the studies, and in the second, content analysis as an informative and classifying criterion. RESULTS: 14 documents have been selected, mainly from government entities. The recommendations are structured in 5 sections on the management of clothing and skin hygiene of infected patients and health professionals in the hospital setting. CONCLUSION: The clothing of patients and healthcare personnel are transmitting vehicles of the disease. Its correct treatment helps to improve the control of the same and the correct use of the resources available at the moment. Proper skin hygiene, especially hand cleansing, is one of the basic pillars for infection prevention and control.We highlight the similarity of some of the guidelines collected and provided by the different agencies consulted

[Relationship between child day-care attendance and acute infectious disease. A systematic review]. / Relación entre la asistencia a guarderías y enfermedad infecciosa aguda en la infancia. Una revisión sistemática.

Child day-care attendance is considered to be an acute early childhood disease risk factor, the studies available however not affording the possibility of fully quantifying this risk. A systematic review of clinical trials and cohort studies was conducted, in which the effects child day-care attendance had on the health of young children based on the Cochrane Collaboration, PubMed and Spanish Medical Index databases, without any time or language-related limits, were analyzed and rounded out with analyses of referenced works and an additional EMBASE search. The methodological quality was evaluated by means of personalized criteria. Pooling measures (relative risks, incidence density ratios and weighted mean differences) were calculated with their confidence intervals, assuming random effects models. A significant increase was found to exist of a risk consistent over time and among different social and geographical environments. Considering the most methodologically-stringent studies with adjusted effect estimates, child day-care attendance was related to an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection (RR=1,88), acute otitis media (RR=1,58), otitis media with fluid draining (RR=2,43), lower respiratory tract infections (overall RR=210; acute pneumonia RR=1.70; broncholitis RR=1,80; bronchitis RR=2,10) and gastroenteritis (RR=1,40). Child day-care attendance could be responsible for 33%-50% of the episodes of respiratory infection and gastroenteritis among the exposed population. In conclusion, it can be said that the risk for childhood health attributable to the child day-care attendance is discreet but of high-impact. This information has some major implications for research, clinical practice, healthcare authorities and society as a whole.

Relación entre la asistencia a guarderías y enfermedad infecciosa aguda en la infancia: una revisión sistemática / Relationship between child day-care attendance and acute infectious disease: a systematic review

La asistencia al jardín de infancia es considerada un factor de riesgo de enfermedad aguda en la primera infancia, sin embargo los trabajos disponibles no permiten cuantificar de forma integrada dicho riesgo. Realizamos una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos y estudios de cohortes en los que se hayan estudiado los efectos de la asistencia de día en guarderías sobre la salud infantil en las bases de datos de la Colaboración Cochrane, PubMed e Índice Médico Español, sin límites de idioma ni de tiempo, completando con análisis de citas y una búsqueda suplementaria en EMBASE. Valoramos la calidad metodológica mediante criterios personalizados. Calculamos medidas de efecto resumen (riesgos relativos, razones de densidades de incidencia y diferencias de medias ponderadas), con sus intervalos de confianza, asumiendo modelos de efectos aleatorios. Hemos observado un significativo aumento de riesgo consistente a lo largo del tiempo y entre diferentes entornos sociales y geográficos. Considerando los trabajos con mayor rigor metodológico y con estimadores de efecto ajustados, la asistencia a guardería se asoció a un incremento de riesgo de infección respiratoria alta (RR=1,88), otitis media aguda (RR=1,58), otitis media con derrame (RR=2,43), infecciones respiratorias bajas (globalmente RR=2,10; neumonías RR=1,70; bronquiolitis RR=1,80; bronquitis RR=2,10) y gastroenteritis agudas (RR=1,40). La asistencia a guardería podría ser la responsable de entre un 33% y un 50% de los episodios de infección respiratoria y gastroenteritis en la población expuesta. Como conclusión podemos decir que el riesgo sobre la salud infantil de la asistencia a guardería es discreto pero de un gran impacto. Esta información tiene importantes implicaciones para la investigación, la práctica clínica, las autoridades sanitarias y la sociedad

Child day-care attendance is considered to be an acute early childhood disease risk factor, the studies available however not affording the possibility of fully quantifying this risk. A systematic review of clinical trials and cohort studies was conducted, in which the effects child day-care attendance had on the health of young children based on the Cochrane Collaboration, PubMed and Spanish Medical Index databases, without any time or language-related limits, were analyzed and rounded out with analyses of referenced works and an additional EMBASE search. The methodological quality was evaluated by means of personalized criteria. Pooling measures (relative risks, incidence density ratios and weighted mean differences) were calculated with their confidence intervals, assuming random effects models. A significant increase was found to exist of a risk consistent over time and among different social and geographical environments. Considering the most methodologicallystringent studies with adjusted effect estimates, child day-care attendance was related to an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection (RR=1,88), acute otitis media (RR=1,58), otitis media with fluid draining (RR=2,43), lower respiratory tract infections (overall RR=210; acute pneumonia RR=1.70; broncholitis RR=1,80; bronchitis RR=2,10) and gastroenteritis (RR=1,40). Child day-care attendance could be responsible for 33%-50% of the episodes of respiratory infection and gastroenteritis among the exposed population. In conclusion, it can be said that the risk for childhood health attributable to the child day-care attendance is discreet but of high-impact. This information has some major implications for research, clinical practice, healthcare authorities and society as a whole